SAPSN - Acid Rain Prediction and Self-Healing Coating

Acid-rain risk, next 5 days

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3 (acid)57 (neutral)

Forecast

Rain pHRain (mm/h)Clean rain 5.6Treatment trigger

Marble surface loss

Indicative estimate from the forecast window's rain acidity and SO2, scaled to the annual rainfall setting.

Alerts for industry and heritage sites

Sensor node: SO2, NOx, temperature, humidity, wind

No physical sensor is connected. These are Open-Meteo model values standing in for a sensor node (NO2 stands in for NOx). A real node would replace them.

SO2NO2

Temp CHumidity %Wind km/h

Self-healing nanocapsule coating: simulation

Conceptual simulation. Every coating number is a placeholder until lab results exist (microcrack recovery, adhesion, water absorption, UV, acid and thermal cycling). It only repairs microscopic cracks, never deep damage.

Day 1

Self-healing coating

Same coating, no healing

CoatingHealing agent / capsuleOpen crackCrack too deep to repair

Protection of the marble (%)

Self-healingNo healing

Open microcracks

Capsule reserve (um)

Cumulative marble surface lost (um)

Self-healingNo healingBare marble

What the laboratory has to measure

Colour, gloss, roughness, water absorption, microcrack recovery, transparency, adhesion, and resistance to UV, humidity, rain, acid and temperature cycling. Outdoor testing only after lab results are good. Use those results to replace the placeholders on the left.

How SAPSN works

How the coating heals itself

Loops forever: acid rain hits the coating, a microcrack opens, nearby nanocapsules break and release healing agent, the crack seals. A deep crack is beyond what the capsules can repair.

Predict

Sensors and weather data give SO2, NOx, humidity, wind and rain. The forecast turns them into an hourly rain pH for five days, with severity and timing.

Prevent

Industry gets a recommendation to cut SO2/NOx output before the event. Heritage sites get an apply-by time for protection.

Protect and self-heal

The transparent, breathable nanocapsule coating shields the marble, and repairs microscopic cracks when they open. Deep damage still needs conservators.